#Graphpad prism 8 vs iso#
Interlaboratory variability (SR and SB) was notable, with ISO VP exposure under the two, five, 10, 12, and 25 puffs conditions and within-laboratory variability (Sr) was observed for two and five puffs (see Figure S2B in supplementary information). LAB-D showed more variability in performing ISO VP exposure than other laboratories (see Figure S2A in supplementary information). No significant correlations were seen between LAB-D or LAB-E and the other laboratories. Linear regression analyses of ISO WS dose–response curves showed good reproducibility between LAB-A and LAB-B (r = 0.871 p = 0.002), LAB-A and LAB-C (r = 0.774 p = 0.009), and LAB-C and LAB-B (r = 0.67 p = 0.013). Substantial interlaboratory (SR and SB) variability (defined as > 20 deviations) was observed for all ISO WS exposure conditions (see Figure S1B in supplementary information). Large variability in NRU cell viability was observed within LAB-D and LAB-E in performing ISO WS exposure compared to the other laboratories (see Figure S1A in supplementary information). Laboratory performances for 1R6F dose response We aimed to reproduce the reported methodological approaches and assess the reliability of measurements and robustness of conclusions. Herein we report a multi-site replication study (ring study) to verify the results of three key published studies performed by the tobacco industry regarding cytotoxicity induced by tobacco smoke and ENDS aerosols on a model of airway epithelial cells 4, 10, 15. Stand-out studies have evaluated the cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and mutagenicity induced by smoke and compared with ENDS aerosol on cultured cell models of animal lung cells 3, human bronchial epithelium 4, 5, 6, endothelial cells 7, 8, and immune cells 9 and assessed inflammation 10, 11 and oxidative stress responses 12, 13, 14. Among the most important pre-clinical studies on the effect of ENDS with respect to tobacco cigarette smoke are the studies conducted by the tobacco companies due to their expertise and compliance with high quality standards by carrying out studies for regulatory purposes. In particular, they established that the goals of such testing should be to identify pathways that, when perturbed, can lead to adverse health outcomes and to evaluate host susceptibility to such effects. In 2007, the Committee on Toxicity Testing and Assessment of Environmental Agents 2 proposed a strategy for toxicity testing. Toxicological evidence is, therefore, needed to confirm the effects and to ensure protection at the individual and public health levels 2. The potential benefits and risks of using ENDS have been the matter of intense scientific debate 1. Commercially available innovative non-combustible technologies, such as electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) and tobacco-heating products (THPs), often referred to as electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), may reduce the burden of smoking-related morbidity and mortality by substantially reducing exposure to the harmful compounds in cigarette smoke. WHO estimates that more than 7 million people die each year from smoking combustible tobacco products, making smoking the leading cause of preventable deaths worldwide. Taken together, independent data from multiple laboratories clearly demonstrated the reduced toxicity of ENDS products compared to cigarettes.Ĭigarette smoking is a major risk factor for many pathological conditions, including cardiovascular and respiratory diseases and lung cancer (National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (US) Office on Smoking and Health 2014). However, our data on inflammatory and remodeling activity triggered by smoke differed significantly from those in the original reports. Our findings substantiated the reduced cytotoxic effects of ENDS aerosol.
![graphpad prism 8 vs graphpad prism 8 vs](https://i1.wp.com/secureactivationkeys.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/download-4.png)
We replicated cell viability results and confirmed that almost 80% of cytotoxic effects are due to volatile compounds in the vapor phase of smoke.
![graphpad prism 8 vs graphpad prism 8 vs](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/PraEKrhJlt8/maxresdefault.jpg)
We also assessed the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 and the remodeling mediator matrix metalloproteinase-1. Human bronchial epithelial cells (NCI-H292) were exposed to cigarette whole smoke and vapor phase and to aerosol from ENDS. We aimed to establish the reliability of results and the robustness of conclusions by replicating the authors’ experimental protocols and further validating them with different techniques. We aimed to replicate three published studies on cytotoxic and inflammatory effects of cigarette smoke and ENDS aerosol in an independent multi-center ring study.
![graphpad prism 8 vs graphpad prism 8 vs](https://rahim-soft.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/GraphPad-Prism-8-Free-Download.jpg)
![graphpad prism 8 vs graphpad prism 8 vs](https://i.redd.it/od4al1j2fi721.png)
Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) may reduce health risks associated with chronic exposure to smoke and their potential benefits have been the matter of intense scientific debate.